South Dakota historian Doane Robinson is credited with conceiving the idea of carving the likenesses of noted figures into the mountains of the Black Hills of South Dakota in order to promote tourism in the region. The memorial park covers 1,278 acres (2.00 sq mi 5.17 km 2) and the actual mountain has an elevation of 5,725 feet (1,745 m) above sea level.
The four presidents were chosen to represent the nation's birth, growth, development and preservation, respectively. The sculpture features the 60-foot (18 m) heads of Presidents George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), as recommended by Borglum. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum created the sculpture's design and oversaw the project's execution from 1927 to 1941 with the help of his son, Lincoln Borglum. Mount Rushmore National Memorial is centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore ( Lakota: Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe, or Six Grandfathers ) in the Black Hills near Keystone, South Dakota.
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